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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. A. WATSON. APPARATUS FOR HEATING.

, Patented Aug. 23, 1892.

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3Sheets-Sheet 2. G. A. WATSON.

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G. A. WATSON.

APPARATUS FOR HEATING. I No. 481,216. Patented Aug. 23, 1892.

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NITED STATES PATE T lrricn.

GEORGE ALFRED VATSON, OF TORONTO, CANADA, ASSIGNOR OF FIFTY-ONEONE-HUNDREDTHS TO WVILLIAM HENRY LAIRD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR HEATING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 481,216, dated August23, 1892. Applicationfiled August 27, 1891. Serial No. 403,856- (Nomodel.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGEALFRED WAT- sON, pattern-maker, of the cityofToronto, in the county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada,have invented a certain new and useful Apparatus for Heating Purposes;and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same.

This invention relates to apparatus for heating purposes; and itconsists in this instance of an upright tubular grate having acone-shaped top, the apex of which is directly below the center of thecoal-magazine, which magazine is provided at its inner end with afunnel-shaped mouth for the purpose of distributing the fuel evenly toall parts of the fire-box. The walls of said funnel-shaped month arecontinued downward to the base of the fire-box and-form the walls of thetirepot, the walls of which fire-pot are parallel, or nearly so, withthe outline of the upright grate, which grate, fire-pot walls, and wallsof the coal-magazine are hollow, forming part of the water-sections ofthe furnace, and are so arranged that they are in direct circulationwith the remaining water-sections and the flow and return pipes. Theupright grate is supported on a hollow spindle, the lower end of whichis journaled in upright water-tight bearings formed in the water-legpassing diametrically across the base of the fire-pot and connecting thewater-space in the fire-pot walls with the water-space in the casing ofthe furnace. The upright grate and hollow spindle are each provided witha diaphragm to divert the flow of the water from the water-space in thecasing through said grate to the water-space in the fire-pot wall. Abovethe fire pot is arranged a series of watersections in circulation with.the fire-pot water-section and with each other, and located above theseries of water-sections is a head, with which all the water-sections ofthe furnace are in circulation and to which are connected the flow-pipesleading to their respective destinations.

The casing of the furnace consists of double walls, with a suitablespace between them, the whole of which space is utilized as waterspaceand to which are connected the returnpipes.

The circulation of the fluid in this boiler is as follows: The fluidenters the water-space in the casing by means of the return-pipesconnected to the top of said water-space and then passes downward to thebottom, to which is connected the water-leg supporting the uprightgrate. The water passes through said water-leg to the upright grate,through which it is diverted by means of said diaphragm, and circulatesthrough said grate, then through the remaining part of said water-leg tothe fire-pot section, through which it circulates to the water-sectionlocated above the fire-pot, through each of which watersections itpasses to the head, where it is carried off to the flow-pipes leading totheir respective destinations. provided with a downward draft throughthe fire-pot, which draft assists the decomposition of the fuel andcauses the carbonic gases produced by such decomposition to be carrieddownward through said decomposing fuel and through the spaces betweenthe bars of the upright grate into a combustion-chamber formed on theunder side of said upright grate, which combustion-chamber is suppliedwith an auxiliary draft,said draft combining sufficient oxygen with thecarbonic gases produced'by the decomposing fuel to cause combustion totake place within said chamber, which combustion entirely destroys theinflammable properties of the combination, thus permitting only thenon-combustible elements to reach the outlet to the chimney.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of my improvedfurnace for hotwater or steam heating purposes. Fig. 2 is a plan view ofthe same. Fig. 3 is an inverted sectional plan view of one of thewater-sections. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a part of one of thewater-sections, showing the arrangement of the inlet and outlet ports.Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view on the lines :0 00, Fig. 1. Fig. 6 isaviewof an oven which may be substituted in the place of one of thewater-sections.

Like numerals of reference refer to like parts throughout thespecification and drawings.

The furnace-casing 1 consists of an inner shell l" and an outer shell1", connected to- This furnace is also gether at the top and bottom.Between the shells l and 1 is a space 2, suitable for the purpose of awater-chamber, to which waterchamber are connected the return-pipes 3.

Through the furnace-casing 1 are suitablyprotected openings at for thepurpose of removing the soot and ashes from the top of eachwater-section 5 and for feeding the furnace with fuel when starting thesame and for cleaning out the ash-pit, &c. The water-sections 5 arelocated above the fire-pot 6, each of which water-sections consists of ahub 7, from which radiates a series of water-arms 8, each of whichwater-arms 8 consists of atubular pipe triangular-shaped incross-section and of any desirable form and shown in the drawings inthis instance to consist of an isosceles triangle the equal sides ofwhich radiate from the hub 7. The object of making the sectionstriangular-shaped in cross-section is to allow the ashes, &c., to falloff the arms into the fire-pot.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings each of the watersections 5 is shown toconsist of six waterarms radiating from the hub 7, said hub andwater-arms being hollow and cast in one piece, the space between thewalls forming a waterchamber 7, which is divided into siX equal parts bydiaphragms l3, radiating, from the inner wall 7 of the hub to the angle8, formed by the junction of the inner tubular sides of said water-arms.

The hub 7 is shown in Fig. 3 to be provided with three ingress-ports 11and three egressports 12, located alternately around said hub andequidistant from each other, the ingressports 11 being arranged on thelower side of said hub and located in three alternate spaces betweensaid diaphragms 13 and the three egress-ports 12 arranged on the upperside of said hub in the remaining three spaces.

Again, by reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings it will be noticed thatthe fluid enters the water-sections 5 by means of the ingressports 11,then circulates upward simultaneously through each of the adjacent tubes6 of two adjacent arms 6. It then circulates round the base 6 of saidwater-arms and then in ward through each of the opposite tubes 6 andenters the water-chamber in the hub, said hub being fitted withegress-ports 12, through which egress-ports the fluid passes to thewater-section above and enters said water-section by means of saidingress-ports ll, circulates through each of said water-arms, as beforedescribed, and continues to circulate from water-section towater-section until it reaches the water-head 14, to which are connectedthe flow-pipes 15, from whence it is carried off by said flow-pipesleading to their respective destinations. The inner face of the hub 7 isscrew-threaded to engage with the screw-threaded outer face of thecouplingnipple 9, which coupling-nipple 9 is provided on its inner facewith a holding-surface 10 for the coupling tool or wrench.

In threading the inner face of the hub 7 I find it preferable to cut aright thread on the upper end of the hub and a left thread on the lowerend of said hub and to provide the upper half of said coupling-nipplewith a right thread and the lower half of said nipple with a leftthread, so that as the nipple is turned by the coupling tool or wrenchit draws the hubs of two water-sections simultaneously toward eachother, and by the insertion of any suitable packing between each pair ofhubs they are rendered perfectly water-tight. As the nipple andhubs aresubjected to the same degree of heat, they expand and contractuniformly, preventing the leakage that is so common in sectional boilerswhere the coupling mediums are subjected to a low degree of heat and thewater-sections subjected to a high degree. Surrounding each of thejoints formed by the union of the water-sections 5 is a circularbaffle-plate 5 to protect said joint from the action of the heat.

The fire-pot 6 consists of an inner wall 16 and an outer wall 17,surrounding said inner wall. Between the walls 16 and 17 is a space 18,which serves as a water-chamber, which water-chamber forms one of thewater-sections of said furnace. The walls 16 and 17 are vertical to apoint 16, which pointis also level with the top of the vertical side ofthe upright grate 23. From the point 16 the walls 16 and 17 graduallytaper inward to the fuel-magazine 17 which magazine is formed by thejuncture of the hubs 7 of the watersections 5.

Passing diametrically across the base of the fire-box and connecting thelower end of the fire-pot water-section 18, with the lower end of thewater-space 2 in the furnace-shell 1 is a water-leg 19, in whichwater-leg are formed vertical bearings 20 to receive the lower end 21 ofthe spindle 22, supporting the upright grate 23.

The lower end 21 of the spindle 22 is pro vided with an ingress-port 24and with an egress-port 25, while dividing said spindle 22 into twoparts is a diaphragm 26 to divert the course of the fluid in thepassage-way across the water-leg 19 from the water-space 2 through theupright grate 23, through which upright grate it circulates and becomesheated by the action of the heated products of combustion from the fireabove said grate.

The upright grate consists of any suitable number of tubular bars 27,these bars being vertical to a point 16 level with the top of thevertical part of the fire-pot. The lower ends of these bars are insertedin and connected together by means of a hollow rim 28, while the tops ofsaid bars above the level of the vertical part taper inward to a commonapex 29 and form thereat a water-chamber 30. The apex of the grate isdirectly beneath the center of the middle of the coal-magazine, and theincline of the upperportions of the tubular grate-bars 27 is suflicientto distribute the coal evenly into all parts of the vertical space 31between the upright grate 23 and the inner wa1l16 of the fire-pot. Thespace 31between the upright grate 23 and the fire-pot walls 16 issufficient to admit the necessary amount of fuel to produce therequisite amount of heat;

The rim 28 of the upright grate 23 is provided with a shaker 32,consisting'ofahollow tube fitted with a faucet for the purpose ofdraining off the grate Water-section when draining the furnace.

The spindle 22 is provided with a circular baffle-plate 50 to protectthe bearings 20 and lower end 21 of said spindle against the action ofthe heated air and heated products of combustion from the fire above.

It might here be stated that the walls of the fire-pot 6 are corrugatedfrom the base to a point level with the line 16, which corrugations areenlarged at their inner ends 33 to allow any cinders or fuel which mightbecome jammed in said corrugations to fall into the ash-pit beneath thefire-box.

Entering the furnace from the outer wall 1 is a tubular passage-way orair-duct 34, which extends from said outer wall 1 to the outer wall 17of the fire-pot 6,where it connects with a passage-way 35 through saidfire-pot, which passage-way leads to the enlarged inner ends 33 of thecorrugations on the walls of the fire-pot. The air enters the passageway35 by means of the air-ducts 34, said passage-way 35 acting as anair-chest distributing the air equally to all of the corrugations 32 ofsaid fire-pot wall.

The air-ducts 34 and distributing-chamber 35 are each located above thelevel of the top of the fire, and the object of this arrangement ofpassage-ways is to supply the fire with a downward current, whichdownward current assists the decomposition of the fuel and carries thegases produced by such decomposition downward from the space be tweenthe upright grate-bars 27 into a combustion-chamber 23, located on theunder side of the upright grate, which chamber is supplied with asecondary draft, said secondary draft combining sufficient oxygen withthe gases generated by the decomposing fuel to cause all the inflammableproperties of the combination to be entirely destroyed, permitting onlythe noncombustible elements to pass to the outlet to the chimney.

Each water-section 5 is in circulation with the remaining water-sectionsand with the water-head 14, which water-head is divided by diaphragm 38to divert the flow of water through said head toward the water-wheel 36before permitting it to pass through the flowpipes 15, which flow-pipeslead to their respective destinations. The water-wheel 36 operatesablower, (not shown in the drawings,) which blower is connected to thepassage-ways 34 by means of a duct 37 (see Fig. 1) and forces a currentof fresh air through said passage-way 34 to the air-chest 35, whence itis distributed to the fire-pot.

In place of using a blower operated by the water-wheel I may, if I sodesire it, employ a blower 61, operated by the heated air and gasespassing through the outlet 62 to the chimney.

Connecting the chamber 63, in which is located the blower 61, with theair-duct 34 is a duct 64, cone-shaped at its lower end 64, which endenters the air-duct 34, so that a certain quantity of heated air isforced down said duct 64 and will enter into said passageway34, whichheated airin entering said passageway 34 sucks in with it a certainamount of fresh air from the outside. These air-blowers may be of anyordinary style convenient for the purpose.

By reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings it will be noticed that threealternate waterarms have an open middle to permit the free upwardcurrent of heated air, while the remaining three water-arms have aclosed or partially-closed middle, which act as baffleplates to divertthe upward current of heated air across the under side of each of thewaterarms before permitting it to ascend farther.

In putting the furnace together the first Water-section is coupled tothe top of the fire-pot by means of the coupling-nipple 9, the secondwater-section 5 being coupled to the first water-section by means of acorresponding nipple 9. The water-arms of the second watersection havingthe closed middles are placed vertically above the water-arms of thefirst water-section having the open middles, and the water-arms 0f thesecond water-section having the open middlesare placed vertically abovethe water-arms of the first water-section havingthe closed middles, thissame arrangernent being carried out through all of the water-sections.

The object of placing the water-arms with the closed middles verticallyabove the waterarms with the open middles and the water arms with theopen middles vertically above the water-arms with the closed middles isto give the upward current of heated air a zigzag course-that is, theheated air is permitted to ascend through the water-arms with the openmiddles which in its upward course comes in contact with the under sidesof the water-arms with the closed middles, said water-arms with theclosed middles acting as baffle-plates directing the course of theheated air across the under sides of said water-arms before permittingit to ascend through to the next section.

Between each of the water-arms 8 is a space 9 to permit the heated air,gases, 850., to ascend, and located on each alternate space 9 is abaffle-plate 9 said baffle-plates being 10- lated alternately verticallyabove each other.

I may, if I so desire it, provide the furnace with an oven or series ofovens 15, as shown inFig. 6 of the drawings, which ovens are of anydesirable shape, fitted with a hub corresponding to the hub 7 of thewater-sections 5, which hubs form part of the coal-magazine. The coal isfed through a feeder 41 into the coal-magazine formed by the hubs 7 andis distributed evenly to all parts of the firebox by means of thefunnel-shaped mouth formed by the walls 16 of the fire-pot 6. The draftor current of air enters the furnace by means of the air-duct 34,connected with an air-chest 35, which air-chest 35 supplies thecorrugations 32, through which corrugations the draft is introduced tothe fire. By an arrangement of air-passages of this kind a draft ofequal force is admitted to all parts of the fire, causing equalcombustion and heat at all parts of the fire-box. The air after enteringthe firepot 6 passes downward through the fire, assisting thedecomposition of the fuel, and in its downward course forces the gasescaused by the decomposition of the fuel to enter the combustion-chamber23, located on the under side of the upright grate 23.

The combustion-chamber 23 is supplied with an auxiliary current of air,which mixes with the carbonic gases of the decomposing fuel, theinflammable properties of which combination are entirely destroyed insaid combustion-chamber 23 and only the non-combustible elements arepermitted to escape to the outlet to the chimney. Said auxiliary currentof air may enter the combustion-chamher 23 from any suitable source. Theproducts of combustion after leaving the combustion-chamber 23 passaround the lower end of the walls of the fire-pot and then ascendthrough the chamber 43, formed between said fire-pot walls and the innershell 1 of the furnace, which products of combustion in their upwardpassage heat the water-section 2 in the casing of the furnace and eachof the water-sections 5, and said products of combustion after passingupward to the top of said chamber 43 are carried off through the outlet44 to the chimney.

The course of the water in the furnace is as follows: The water entersthe water-section 2 by means of the return-pipes 3, then circulatesdownward through said water-section 2 to the water-leg 19, through aportion of which water-leg it passes until it reaches the ingressport 24in the lower end 21 of the spindle 22, which spindle supports the grate23. The water after entering the ingress port 24: passes upward throughsaid spindle to the water-chamber in the top of the upright grate 23,passes down the tubular grate-bars on one side of said diaphragm to therim 28, around which rim it circulates until it has cleared thediaphragm 26. The water after passing round the rim 28 and clearing thediaphragm 26 passes upward through the tubular grate-bars on theopposite side of said upright grate 23 and then down the egress side ofsaid spindle 22 and out through the egress-port 25 into the water-leg19, through which water-leg it passes to the fire-pot water-section 18,from which water'section 18 it passes to the first watersection 5 abovesaid fire-pot 6 and then from water-section to water-section until itreaches the water-head 14, from whence it is carried oif by flow-pipes15,1eading to their respective destinations. I

The object of providing the grate with an upright spindle journaled inupright hearings in the water-way is to allow of the grate being turnedon said spindle by the shaker for the purpose of removing the ashes,cinders, 850., from the grate-bars. By a construction of this kind theflow of water across the water-way and through the grate is notinterfered with in the slightest degree, the circulation at all timesbeing the same.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claimas new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a furnace, the combination of a hollow conical grate forming awater-section, a water-section forming a fire-pot surrounding the grateand in circulation therewith, and a series of circular water-sections inthe upper portion of the furnace in circulation with the fire-pot.

2. In a furnace, the combination of a casing forming a water-section, ahollow fire-pot arranged concentrically therein and forming awater-section in circulation therewith, and a hollow grate arrangedconcentrically within the fire-pot and in circulation therewith and withthe casing.

3. In a furnace for heating purposes, a firegrate consisting of anysuitable number of upright tubular bars tapering to a common apex attheir upper ends, the lower ends of said bars connected together by arim, and suitable means for supporting said grate within the fire-box,substantially as described.

4. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of any suitablenumber of upright tubular bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, thelower ends of said bars connected together by a hollow rim, said barsserving as water-ways between the chamber at the top and the hollow rim,and suitable means for supporting said grate and providing means forcirculation of water through the water-chambers in said grate,substantially as described.

5. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of any suitablenumber of tubular bars tapering on their upper ends to a common apex andforming thereon achambersuitable for a water-space, the lower ends ofsaid bars connected together by a hollow rim, said bars serving aswater-ways between the chamber at the top and said hollow rim, saidupright grate provided with a spindle, the lower end of which isjournaled in bearings formed in a water-leg passing across the base ofthe fire-box and in circulation with one or more water-sections of thefurnace, substantially as described.

6. In afurnace for heating purposes, agrate consisting of any suitablenumber of upright tubular bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and the lower ends of which are connected together by meansof a rim, and a chamber formed between the inner sides of said tubularbars serving as a combustionchamber, said grate suitably supported inthe fire-box, substantially as described.

7. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of any suitablenumberof upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apexand form a chamber thereat suitable as a water-space, the lower ends ofsaid bars connected together by a hollow rim, said bars connecting thewater-space at top of said grate with said hollow rim and serving aswater-ways between them, and a chamber formed between the inner sides ofsaid bars, which chamber is utilized asa combustion-chamber, said gratesuitably supported within said fi rebox, substantially as described.

8. In a furnace for heating purposes, agrate consisting of any suitablenumber of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to a common apexand form thereat a chamber suitable for a Water-space, the lower ends ofsaid bars connected together by a hollow rim, said bars serving aswater-waysbetween said waterspace and hollow rim, said upright gratesuitably supported within the fire-box, a waterway connecting said gratewith one or more of the water-sections of said furnace, substantially asdescribed.

9. In afurnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of any suitablenumber of upright bars, the upper ends of which bars taper to a commonapex and form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, the lowerends of said bars connected together bya hollow rim, said bars servingas water-ways between said chamber and said hollow rim, said uprightgrate supported by ahollow spindle, the lower end of which is journaledin suitable bearings, said grate being divided into two sections by adiaphragm, said grate in circula tion with one or more water-sections ofthe furnace, said diaphragm diverting the course of the flow of waterthrough said grate, substantially as described.

10. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, thelower ends of said bars connected together by a hollow rim, said gratesupported by a hollow spindle, said grate and spindle divided into twosections by a diaphragm, the lower end of said spindle journaled inbearings formed in the water-way passing across the fire-box, saiddiaphragm diverting the flow of water from said water-way through saidupright grate, substantially as described.

11. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and form thereat a chamber suitable as a water-space, thelower ends of said bars connected together bya hollow rim, said barsserving as water-ways between said chamber and said hollow rim, and achamber formed between the inner sides of the upright bars and used as acombustion-chamber, said grate supported by a spindle, the lower end ofwhich is journaled in suitable bearings, said grate and spindledividedby a diaphragm, said grate and spindle being in circulation with one ormore water-sections of the fur nace, substantially as described.

12. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, thelower ends of said bars connected together by a hollow rim, said barsserving as water-ways between said chamber and hollow rim, said gratesupported by a hollow spindle, the lower end of which spindle isjournaled in bearings formed in the water-way passing across the base offire-box, said water-way connecting the waterspace in the casing of thefurnace with the water-space in the fire-pot walls, said spindle fittedwith an ingress-port and an egress-port in that portion of it in saidwater-way, said grate and spindle divided by a diaphragm to divert theflow of the water from the waterspace in the casing of the furnaceacross said water-way through said grate to the waterspace in thefire-pot walls, substantially as described.

13. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of tubular bars tapering on their inner ends to a commonapex and forming thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, the lowerends of said bars connected together by a hollow rim, said bars servingas water-ways between the chamber at the top and said hollow rim, saidupright grate provided with a spindle, the lower end of which is journaled in bearings formed in a water-leg passing across the base ofthe fire-box and in circulation with one or more water-sections of thefurnace, said spindle fitted with a baffie-plate to protect the bearingsand heated products of combustion from the fire above, substantially asdescribed.

14. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and the lower ends forming thereat a chamber suitable for awater-space, the lower ends of said bars connected together by a hollowrim, said bars serving as waterways between said chamber and said hollowrim, said upright grate supported by a hollow spindle, the lower end ofwhich is journaled in suitable bearings, said grate being divided intotwo sections by a diaphragm, said grate in circulation with one or morewater-sections of the furnace, said diaphragm diverting the course ofthe flow of water through said grate, said spindle fitted with abaffle-plate to protect the bearings and lower end of said spindleagainst the action of the heated air and products of combustion from thefire above, substantially as described.

15. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper toacommon apex and form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, thelower ends of said bars connected together by means of a hollow rim,said grate supported by a hollow spindle divided into two sections by adiaphragm, the lower end of said spindle journaled in bearings formed inthe waterway passing across the fire-box, said diaphragm diverting thefiow of water from said waterway through said upright grate, saidspindle fitted with a baffie-plateto protect the bearings and lower endof said spindle against the action of the heated air and heated productsof combustion from the fire above, substantially as described.

16. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and form thereat a chamber suitable as a water-space, thelower ends of said bars connected together by means of a hollow rim,saidbars serving as water-ways between saidchamberand said hollow rim,and achamber formed between the inner sides of the upright bars and used as acombustionchamber, said grate supported by a spindle, the lower end ofwhich is journaled in suitable bearings, said grate and spindle being incirculation with one or more Water-sections of the furnace, said spindleprovided with a bafiie-plate to protect the bearings and lower end ofsaid spindle against the action of the heated air and heated products ofcombustion from the fire above, substantially as described.

17. In a furnace for heating purposes, a grate consisting of anysuitable number of upright bars, the upper ends of which taper to acommon apex and form thereat a chamber suitable for a water-space, thelower ends of said bars connected together by a hollow rim, said barsserving as Water-ways between said chamber and hollow rim, said gratesupported by a hollow spindle, the lower end of which spindle isjournaled in bearings formed in the water-way connecting the water-spacein the casing of the furnace with the waterspace in the fire-pot walls,said spindle fitted with an ingress-port and an egress-port in thatportion of it in said water-way, said grate and spindle divided by adiaphragm to divert the flow of the water from the water-space in thecasing of the furnace across said water-way through said grate to thewater-space in the fire-pot walls, said spindle fitted with abat'fieplate to protect the bearings and lower end of said spindleagainst the action of the heated air and heated products of combustionfrom the fire above, substantially as described.

18. In a furnace for heating purposes, a water-section consisting of ahub, a series of tubular water-arms radiating outwardly from said hub,the water-space in said hub and water-arms dividedinto any number ofchambers, which chambers radiate outwardly from the inner wall of saidhub, ingress-ports located on the under side of said hub in eachalternate chamber, and an egress-port located on the upper side of saidhub in the remaining chambers, substantially as described.

19. In a furnace for heating purposes, a water-section consisting of ahub and any suitable number of water-arms radiating outwardly from saidhub, the water-space formed by said arms and hub divided into any numberof chambers, and an ingress-port entering into each alternate chamberfrom the under side of said hub, and an egress-port entering out of theremaining chambers on the upper side of said hub, said water-armsconsisting of a tubular pipe triangular-shaped in crosssection,substantially as described.

20. In a furnace for heating purposes, a water-section consisting of ahub from which radiates a series of water-arms, each of which water-armsconsists of a tubular pipe triangularshaped in cross-section, said huband water-arms being hollow and the space between them divided into anynumber of water-chambers by diaphragms radiating from the inner wall ofsaid hub, each alternate chamber provided with an ingress-port and theremaining chambers provided with egressports, each of said water-armsconsisting of two outwardlyradiating water Ways connected together attheir outer ends, said in-- gress-ports so arranged that the waterentering the chamber between two diaphragms flows outwardly through twoadjacent Waterways of two adjacent water-arms and inward again to thehub through two remote waterways of said water-arms, substantially asdescribed.

21. In a furnace for heating purposes, a fire-pot consisting of doublewalls vertical from the base to a point level with the top of thefire-pot, from which point they taper inwardly to the coal-magazine, thespace between said walls utilized as a water-space and connected to thewater-space in the casing of the furnace by means of a water-leg passingacross the base of the fire-box, said water-leg supporting thefire-grate, which fire-grate is hollow and forms one of thewater-sections of said furnace, said fire-pot Water-section incirculation with the remaining water-sections in the furnace,substantially as described.

22. In a furnace for heating purposes, the combination of a fire-pot,the walls of which taper to form a funnel-shaped mouth on the lower endof the coal-magazine, and a series of water-sections, each of whichconsists of a hub and any suitable numberof water-arms radiating fromsaid hub, said hubs and upper end of funnel-shaped mouth ofcoal-magazine screw-threaded on their inner faces to receive acoupling-nipple, said coupling-nipple provided on its inner face with aholding-surface for the coupling tool or wrench, said sections andfire-pot coupled by means of said nipples, substantially as described.

23. Afurnace for heating purposes, consisting of a casing composed of aninner shell and an outer shell, a water-space between said shells, afire-grate having a water-chamber formed therein, a water-chamber insaid firegrate connected with water-chamber in the casing of the furnaceby means of a waterleg, a fire-pot consisting of double walls with aWater-space between them, the water-space in said fire-pot incirculation with water-space in fire-grate, and a series ofwater-sections in circulation with the fire-pot water-section and witheach other and with a water-head, to which are connected the flow-pipesleading to their respective destinations, and the return-pipes connectedto water-chamber in said casing, substantially as described.

24. A furnace for heating purposes, consisting of an outer and innershell having a water-space between them, a hollow fire-grate havingformed therein a water chamber, which water-chamber is connected to thewater-space in casing of said furnace by means of a suitable water-leg,a fire-pot having a water-chamber formed therein, which waterchamber isconnected to a water-chamber in the fire-pot by means of the water-leg,a series of water-sections located above the fire-pot, each of whichconsists of a hub and any suitable numberof water-arms radiating fromsaid hub, said sections suitably connected together and in circulationwith the other water-sections of the furnace and with a water-head, towhich water-head are connected the flowpipes of the furnace, leading totheir respective destinations, and the return-pipes entering saidwater-chamber in the casing of the furnace, substantially as described.

25. In a furnace for heating purposes, consisting of an outer and innershell with a water-chamber between them, a fire-grate having awater-chamber formed therein ,which water-chamber in the fire-gratebeing in circulation with the water-chamber in the easing of thefurnace, a fire-pot consisting of two Walls with a water-space betweenthem, which water-space is in circulation with the water-space in thefire-grate, a series of watersections located above the fire-pot, eachof which water-sections consists of a hub and any suitable number ofwater-arms radiating from said hub, the chamber formed in said hub andwater-arms divided into any number of sub-chambers by diaphragms, an ingress-port entering into each alternate sub-chamber, and an egress-portentering out of the remaining chambers, substantially as described.

26. A furnace for heating purposes, consisting of a casing composed ofan inner and outer shell, a water-space between said shells, a firepothaving formed therein a water-space, which water-space is connected witha waterspace in the casing of the furnace, a fire-pot having formedtherein a water chamber, which water-chamber is in circulation with thewater-space in the fire-grate, the walls of which fire-pot taper inwardat their upper ends and form a funnel-shaped mouth for thecoal-magazine, a series of water-sections located above said fire-pot,each of which wa ter-sections'consists of a hub and any suitable numberof water-arms radiating outward from the inner wall of said hub, saidhubs and upper end of fire-pot screw-threaded on their inner faces toreceive the coupling-nipple, which coupling-nipple is provided on itsinner face with a holding-surface for the coupling tool or wrench,.and awater-head in circulation with said water-sections, to which water-headare connected the flow-pipes leading to their respective destinations,return-pipes being connected to the water-chamber in the casing of thefurnace, substantially as described.

27. Afurnace for heating purposes,provided with a fire-box consisting ofa fire-pot, the inner walls of which are corrugated and the inner endsof said corrugations enlarged, a grate consisting of upright tubularbars connected together at the top and bottom, a fuel-space between thebars of said upright grate and the inner walls of said fire-pot, and acombustion-chamber between the inner sides of said grate-bars,substantially as described.

28. Afurnace for heating purposes,provided with a tire-box,whichfire-box consists of a fire-pot, the walls of which fire-pot are uprightto a certain point, then taper inwardly and form a funnel-shaped mouthfor the coalmagazine, the inner walls of said fire-pot corrugated to thetop of the vertical level, said corrugations enlarged on their innerends, a grate consisting of upright bars connected together at theirbase by a rim and their upper ends tapered inwardly to a common apex,and a combustion-chamber formed on the inner side of the grate-bars,said grate suitably supported in said fire-box, substantially asdescribed.

29. A furnace for heating purposes, provided with a fire-box consistingof a fire-pot, the walls of which are vertical to a certain point andtaper from said point inwardly, forming a funnel-shaped mouth for thecoal-magazine, the inner walls of said fire-pot corrugated, the innerends of which corrugations are enlarged, a fire-grate consisting ofupright bars vertical to a point level with the top of the vertical partof fire-pot walls and tapering from said point to a common apex, acombustion-chamber formed on the inner sides of 'said gratebars, and afuel-space between said space and fire-pot walls, substantially asdescribed.

80. Afurnace forheatin g purposes, provided with a fire-box consistingof a fire-pot, the walls of which fire-pot are vertical to a certainpoint and taper from such point inwardly and upwardly, forming afunnel-shaped mouth for the coal-magazine, the inner walls of saidfirepot being corrugated on the vertical portions, said corrugationsenlarged on their inner ends, a water-chamber formed in the saidfire-pot walls, a fire-grate consisting of upright tubular grate-bars,the upper ends of which taper inward to a common apex, forming at thetop a water-chamber, a hollow rim connecting the lower ends of saidgrate-bars, said grate-bars serving as water-ways between said chamberat the top and said hollow rim, said grate supported by a spindlejournaled in bearings formed in the water-way passing across the base ofsaid fire-box from the water-chamber in the casing of furnace towater-chamber in the fire-pot walls the water-space in said firegratebeing in circulation with water-space in the casing of the furnace andwith fire-pot Water-space, the casing of the furnace consisting of aninner and outer shell with waterspace between them, which water-space isin circulation with the water-space in fire-grate and fire'pot, a seriesof water-sections located above said firepot, each of whichwater-sections consists of a hub and any suitable nun)- berof water-armsradiating outward from said hub, and a water-head located above saidwater-sections, the return-pipes entering watersection in the casing ofthe furnace, and flowpipes leading from the water-head, the firegratebeing provided with a hollow shaker fitted with a faucet, substantiallyas described.

31. A furnace for heating purposes, consisting of a series ofWater-sections, which watersections are composed of a hub and anysuitable number of water-arms radiating outward from said hub, said hubsscrew-tln'eaded on their inner faces and coupled by means of a nipplehaving a right and left thread cut on its outer face and fitted on itsinner face with a holding-surface for the coupling tool or wrench, and acircular bathe-plate surrouuding each of the joints formed by the unionof the hubs of said sections, substantially as described.

32. At u rnace for heating purposes, consisting of a series ofwater-sections, each of which is composed of a hub and any suitablenumber of water-arms radiating from said hub, said hubs screw-threadedon their inner faces and coupled together by means of a nipple having aright and left screw-thread cut on its outer face and fitted on itsinner face with a holding-surface for the tool or wrench, a bathe-platesurrounding each of the joints form ed by the union of saidWater-sections, and suitable packing between said bathe-plate and hub,substantially as described.

Toronto, July 16, 189i.

GEO. ALFRED \VATSON.

In presence of CHAS. II. Rionns, ROBERT LAIRD.

